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Dental hygienist is not only an important system of stomatology education, but also an important process of the clinical diagnosis and treatment in Japan. This paper discusses the development and current situation of dental hygienist system in Japan, and mainly introduces the admission requirements, teaching courses, employment status and clinical work, which maybe provide some important references for stomatology education and dental clinic for us in such aspects as specialty setting, talents cultivation and clinical team cultivation.
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OBJECTIVE：To establish a metho d for simultaneous determinat ion of α-pinene，β-pinene，myrcene，limonene， γ-terpinene and α-terpineol in volatile oil from Citrus medica . METHODS ：GC-QAMS method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent DB- 17 capillary column. Flame ionization detector was adopted with nitrogen as carrier gas （purity 99.999％） at the flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The flow rate of nitrogen （make-up gas ）was 25 mL/min，the flow rate of hydrogen was 30 mL/min， and the flow rate of air was 400 mL/min. The inlet temperature was 250 ℃，and the detector temperature was 280 ℃（programmed temperature），and injection volume was 0.5 μL with split ratio of 35 ∶ 1. Using limonene as internal reference ，relative correction factors of α-pinene，β-pinene，myrcene and γ-terpinene were calculated. The contents of 4 components in the samples were calculated according to the relative correction factors. The results were compared between QAMS and internal standard method （ISM，using dodecane as internal substance ，6 components to be determined ）. RESULTS ：The linear range of α-pinene，β-pinene， myrcene，limonene，γ-terpinene and α-terpineol were 0.030 5-0.213 8，0.066 6-0.466 0，0.021 8-0.152 3，0.765 2-5.356 4，0.387 3- 2.710 8，0.034 2-0.239 6 mg/mL（all r＞0.999）. The limits of detection were 4.82，7.89，4.01，4.54，5.53，2.47 µg/mL，and the limits of quantification were 15.34，25.91，13.69，15.70，18.68，8.36 µg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，repeatability and stability tests （24 h）were all less than 2％. The average recovery rates were 96.08％，97.48％，100.90％，101.22％，100.54％， 95.84％（all RSD ＜3％，n＝6）. The average relative correction factors of α-pinene，β-pinene，myrcene and γ-terpinene were 0.997 8， 1.530 7，0.952 4 and 1.025 5 （all RSD ＜1％）. The contents of α-pinene，β-pinene，myrcene，limonene，γ-terpinene and α-terpineol by ISM were 3.296 9-20.994 1，11.300 6-39.440 9，3.684 2-11.291 4，174.857 8-511.611 8，0-285.127 3，0-48.858 6 mg/g， respectively. The contents of α-pinene，β-pinene，myrcene and γ-terpinene determined by QAMS were 3.296 8-20.994 0，11.300 3- 39.439 7，3.684 1-11.291 1，0-285.126 6 mg/g，respectively. Relative content errors of 4 components as α-pinene determined by 2 methods were all less than 1％ . CONCLUSIONS ： The Δ 基金项目：四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目（No.2021YJ0114）； established GC-QAMS method is simple ，rapid，accurate and 泸州市重点科技项目 [No.2011-S-31（3/3）]；合江县人民政府—西南医 科大学战略合作项目（No.2018-HJXNYD-2） repeatable，and can be used for quantitative analysis and ＊硕士研究生 。研究方向 ：中药制备工艺及质量评价 。电话： quality control of volatile oil from C. medica . 0830-3162291。E-mail：493359958@qq.com
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Objective@#To investigate the general situation of sleep duration, sleep quality and related risk factors among primary students in Shanghai and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of students sleep health.@*Methods@#By using stratified cluster random sampling method, 3 410 students from 16 primary schools in four urban areas and four suburb areas of Shanghai were selected to conduct sleep health questionnaire survey and physical examination Chi square test was used for group comparison while binary Logistic regression was used to assess possible factors related with sleep quality.@*Results@#The detection rate of sleep insufficiency (<10 h) among students was 93.0%. The detection rate of poor sleep quality was 66.8% with 67.1% in girls and 66.6% in boys. The top three sleep problems were daytime sleepiness(80.9%), irregular sleep duration (74.1%) and sleep anxiety(59.5%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that everyday moderate-intensity physical activity (OR=1.51, 95%CI=1.04-2.21) and daily walking activity (more than 10 minutes)(OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.08-1.50) were risk factors of poor sleep quality(P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#In Shanghai, the prevalence of sleep insufficiency and poor sleep quality among primary students are high. Sleep health was associated with moderate physical activity and walking activity. Increasing the duration of moderate physical activity and daily walking activity is the very important measures in prevention and control of the sleep problems.
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Objective T o observe the expression changes of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (H IF-1α) and vascular endothelial grow th factor-A (V E G F-A ) in rats w ith arrhythm ias, and to explore the differences of the expression pattern in the tw o indicators of acute m yocardial ischem ia caused by arrhythm ias and coronary insufficiency. Methods T he arrhythm ia w as induced by C aC l2, and the expression changes of H IF-1α and V E G F-A w ere detected by im m unohistochem istry, W estern blotting and real-tim e PC R w ithin 6 h after the arrhythm ia in rats. Results T he expression of H IF-1α and V E G F-A show ed diffuse in the m yocardial tissue of rats died from arrhythm ias. B oth of them increased in the early arrhythm ia, then decreased. E xtensive m yocardial ischem ia happened at the beginning of arrhythm ia occurrence and its range didn't expand w ith tim e. Conclusion T he expressions of H IF-1α and V E G F-A in m yocardium of the rats w ith arrhythm ia can provide evidence for the differential diagnosis of acute m yocardial is-chem ia caused by fatal arrhythm ia and coronary insufficiency.
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Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a natriuretic peptide hormone, is mainly secreted by cardiomyocytes when they are pulled by mechanical force. BNP acts to increase natriuresis and decrease vascular resistance, thereby decreasing blood volume, systemic blood pressure and afterload. It is not only the main indicators of cardiac function which is widely used in clinical, recent studies have also shown that it has a very important value in identifying sudden cardiac death(SCD). However, the exact expression of the regulation mechanism is still unknown. This paper reviewed the structure, expression of the regulation mechanism of BNP, and the application progress in clinical and forensic.
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Objective: This paper investigates Shenmai Injection’s effect on the cellular immunity of patients with acute exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Methods: 92 cases of AECOPD patients are randomly divided into two groups----control group and treatment group, each with 46 patients. Patients in the two groups are given the same treatment such as anti-inflammatory, astiasthmatic, eliminating phlegm, inhale oxygen. Based on conventional treatment, the treatment group dissolves 40mL of Shenmai Injection in 250mL of injection glucose (5%). Such solution is dripped in vein continuously for two courses of treatment, with ten drops for a course of treatment and once a drop. Indexes of CD+3, CD+4, CD+8of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and ratio of CD+4/CD+8 are tested before two weeks and after two weeks of the treatment, in order to discuss the effect of Shenmai Injection on the cellular immunity of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Results: After two weeks' treatment, the indexes of CD+3, CD+4 raise up, the indexes of CD+8 go down, and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ increases. In contrast, there is a significant difference for the patients before the treatment; So is the same with Indexes of CD+3, CD4+, CD8+ and ratio of CD+4/CD+8 to the patients in the treatment group and those in the control group after two weeks. Conclusion: Shenmai Injection can improve the AECOPD patient’s cellular immunity.